Rare earth elements (REEs) are pivotal in many modern technologies, ranging from renewable energy systems to advanced electronics, owing to their unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties.

Rare-earth elements are in many everyday products, such as smart phones, LED lights and batteries. However, only a few locations have large enough deposits worth mining, resulting in global supply ...

Everything we can see and touch, and quite a lot that we can’t as well, is made of tiny particles called atoms. Some substances, like particles of this iron, contain only one kind of atom. Iron is an ...