The sources of noise in a signal chain can be either internal or external. Managing noise in the signal chain requires meticulous examination of each circuit in the chain to minimize noise where ...

SPI data rates are commonly in the range of 1 to 70 MHz and byte lengths can range from 8- and 12-bits to multiples of these values. Data transfers always consist of a data exchange. While the master ...

In previous articles, I have covered multiviewers, routers and some specific topics about AC-coupling capacitors, the evolution of SFP modules and fiber-optic theory. One important aspect I haven’t ...

Cypress's Dave Van Ess proposes a novel way of analyzing mixed-signal circuits in terms of serializing the digitized analog signal and then assesing the relative time the signal is high. As an “old ...

The topic of video conversion spans a lot of territory and can run as deep as one cares to study. Part one of this part-two series of articles appeared in the February issue of Broadcast Engineering ...

Fig 1. Density addition and subtraction can easily separate these audio channels before digitalization. Fig 2. Density multiplication can easily be used to multiply these two inputs in several ...