A player's true worth in any coalition is the average marginal contribution across all possible group combinations” Lloyd S. Shapley, 2012 Nobel laureate, transformed economics with the Shapley value.

Deep learning is increasingly used in financial modeling, but its lack of transparency raises risks. Using the well-known Heston option pricing model as a benchmark, researchers show that global ...

Cooperative game theory provides a robust framework for understanding how individuals or entities may form coalitions to achieve joint benefits. Central to this field is the Shapley value, a concept ...

Machine learning and artificial intelligence methods are often referred to as “black boxes” when compared with traditional regression-based approaches. However, both traditional and machine learning ...

We introduce the performance-based Shapley value (PBSV) to measure the contributions of individual predictors to the out-of-sample loss for time-series forecasting models. Our new metric allows a ...

Cooperative game theory is the study of strategic interactions in which players, or agents, form coalitions to achieve mutual benefits. A central concern in this area is the fair allocation of the ...