“This is not an easy subject to talk about. There are so many protocols, and terms have evolved—even the way the word ‘Ethernet’ has been used,” states John Ditter, input/output product specialist ...

Trying to understand every detail involved in creating an embedded product that communicates via Internet protocols can be a daunting task. These protocols were created for systems that generally have ...

Do you remember when we used multi-protocol routing for IPX, AppleTalk, and TCP/IP running on the same network? In the 1980s and early 1990s many enterprises had multiple protocols running on the ...

Terms can sometimes play tricks on the mind. Take EtherNet/IP, for example. Many people will read “IP” as internet protocol and think that EtherNet/IP refers to plain old, standard industrial Ethernet ...

I like to think of the transport layer as the layer of the OSI Model that enables more interesting traffic. While we network engineers may love a lot of the simpler uses of the IP protocol and ...

According to the OSI Model, the session layer is where connections are established, managed, and torn down. For connection-oriented network protocols, understanding how the session layer works, and ...