Traditional epidemiological studies have identified numerous potential risk factors, but observational studies have struggled to establish causal links due to confounding factors and reverse causation ...

It has been argued that survival bias may distort results in Mendelian randomization studies in older populations. Through simulations of a simple causal structure we investigate the degree to which ...

A new study identifying 56 non-clinical risk factors associated with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), spanning lifestyle, physical measures, psychosocial factors, socioeconomic status, and the local ...

By Vijay Kumar Malesu A large genetic analysis combined with clinical data suggests that long-term dietary tendencies may shape autism risk by subtly influencing the immune system, highlighting why ...

The instrument variable assumptions imply that all trains leaving the departure station (genetic variant) and arriving at the destination (outcome) must pass through the exposure station. They can ...

High body mass index may be associated with risk for vascular-related dementia, with high blood pressure partially mediating the association.