Major processes in semiconductor wafer fabrication: 1) wafer preparation, 2) pattern transfer, 3) doping, 4) deposition, 5) etching, and 6) packaging. The process of creating semiconductors can be ...

For biomanufacturing operations, production processes are typically performed in a series of separate unit operations. Included equipment is often controlled at an instrument level. Such a setup ...

Across the full range of semiconductor device types and design nodes, there is a drive to produce chips with significantly higher quality. Automotive, IoT and other industrial applications require ...