Valence electrons -- those residing in an atom's outermost shell and engaging in bonding with other atoms -- proved to be a pivotal factor. By using metals with a higher valence electron count, the ...

This video explores the fascinating reasons behind the physical properties of elements. It answers questions about why mercury is a liquid at room temperature, why gold has its distinctive yellow ...

Scientists have long sought to unravel the mysteries of strange metals—materials that defy conventional rules of electricity and magnetism. Now, a team of physicists at Rice University has made a ...

It’s a helpful rule of thumb: Main group elements prefer forming bonds that give them eight valence electrons; transition metals go for 18 electrons. Now scientists have shown that main group elements ...

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Toward a new kind of superconductivity: In the past four years scientists have discovered metals whose crystal structure mimics that of a traditional Japanese woven bamboo pattern: kagome metals. The ...

Researchers have discovered a way to make ceramics tougher and more resistant to cracking. By building these materials using a blend of metal atoms possessing more electrons in their outer shell, a ...

Samples of a class of ceramics, known as high-entropy carbides, that have been engineered to withstand more force and stress before breaking. Researchers have discovered a way to make ceramics tougher ...