We are somewhat spoiled because electronics today are very reliable compared to even a few decades ago. Most modern electronics obey the bathtub curve. If they don’t fail right away, they won’t fail ...

Applications for using a single pushbutton to advance a circuit to its next logical state are legion. Typically, there are just “on” and “off” states, but there can be more. The heart of the circuit ...

Many varieties of ON/OFF control circuits use some form of flip-flop that responds to a pushbutton switch or other control input. These all have volatile memory and default to an OFF condition if ...

This file type includes high-resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. Satellite-telemetry data is digitized, multiplexed, and formatted into frames at a 1-kb/s data rate typically, and ...

A flip-flop is one of the most basic digital electronic circuits. It can most easily be built from just two transistors, although they can and have been built out of vacuum tubes, NAND and NOR gates, ...