Cells have sophisticated methods of sensing stimuli and communicating with nearby cells in response to these stimuli. For example, macrophages can sense environmental stimuli—tissue damage, foreign ...

Cytokines and their kin, alternatively called interleukins, growth factors, interferons, necrosis factors, and others, are soluble messengers responsible for communication between nearby cells, ...

Structural equivalence is demonstrated through the comparison of a synthetic multinuclear metal complex (left) versus the designer enzyme in this report (right). A collaborative research team led by ...

T cells, together with B cells, are the workhorses of the adaptive immune response. And although some cells that are associated with the innate immune response can take on adaptive properties, it has ...

Cancer immunotherapy is an evolving field of research. Cytokines are a key area of interest in cancer immunotherapy; however, challenges are faced when translating their use from the lab to the clinic ...

Sanofi’s work with engineered cytokines has stumbled in the clinic, but the company isn’t throwing in the towel yet on such therapies, which hold potential for treating autoimmune diseases and cancer.

People often get immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer. These immunotherapy treatments can be effective, but they may cause your immune system to have an unnatural response. Your body, as a result ...

Microglial cells, the primary immune cells of the brain and central nervous system, are known to undergo striking morphological changes in response to sensory or neural stimuli. However, the ...

Cytokines are small proteins that serve as the fundamental chemical messengers of the immune system. They also play a key cell signaling role in stem cell biology, relaying messages that direct stem ...

Researchers have developed a single score to describe the level of cytokines in the saliva, and this score is linked with the severity of clinical gum inflammation. Researchers at NYU College of ...