Graph theory has long provided a robust mathematical framework for investigating networks, relations and connectivity in both abstract and applied settings. Recent advances have markedly refined our ...

What’s easy for a computer to do, and what’s almost impossible? Those questions form the core of computational complexity. We present a map of the landscape. How fundamentally difficult is a problem?

They have a mathematical, analog “solver” that can potentially find the best solution to NP-hard problems. NP-hardness is a theory of computational complexity, with problems that are famous for their ...