Protocol revenue expanded roughly 27 times during 2025. The network captured about 62 percent of total layer-2 revenue by year-end. Annualized protocol fees reached approximately $75 million.

This guide will provide an overview of Base, one of the leading Layer 2 chains, which is compatible with the Ethereum ecosystem. The network uses the Optimistic Rollups technology, which bundles ...

How do rollup networks act as middleware between Layer 1 and Web3 applications? Learn how they bundle transactions to boost scalability, lower fees, and ensure security.

Ethereum is exploring proof-based verification at the base layer as research progress brings advanced cryptography into active development plans.